天气weather
晴天sunshine fine
多云cloudy
阴天overcast sky /cloudy sky
小雨sprinkle
中雨middle rain
大雨drencher/ ding-on/ downfall/ soak /spate
暴雨rainstorm
阵风flatus /flurry/ gust
微风breeze
台风typhoon
龙卷风cyclone/ tornado
雾 fog /mist

雪sonw
霜frost

冰雹hail hailstone

多云cloudy sky
阴天overcast sky
晴天sunshine fine

暴风雨天气 wild weather.
天气雷达 weather radar
天气过程 weather process
天气谚语 weather lore
天气报告 weather advisory
坏天气 villainous weather
坏天气 vile weather
寒冷天气 shivery weather
好天气 propitious weather

Examples:
1. 天气怎么样？
What's the weather like?
2. 炎热天气一直持续到十月。
The hot weather extended into October.
3. 寒冷的天气抑制了植物的生长。
Cold weather constrains the plant's growth.
4. 因为天气不好，他们的旅行计划取消了。
Their travel plan was cancelled because of the bad weather.
5. 昨天天气普遍晴朗。
Fair weather was the rule yesterday.
6. 阴沉的天气让我们都感到压抑。
We were all depressed by the dismal weather.
7. 天气预报说明天是晴天。
The weather forecast says it will be sunny tomorrow.
8. 他们在恶劣的天气条件下登上了山的顶峰。
They climbed up the last part of the mountain in formidable weather conditions.

atmosphere 大气 　　climate 气候 　　elements 自然力量（风 、雨）

temperature 气温   　　to be warm, to be hot 天气热 　　to be cold 天气冷

season 季节  spring 春　　summer 夏　　autumn 秋（美作：fall）　winter 冬

frost 霜 　　hail 冰雹 　　snow雪 　　thunder 雷 　　wind 风

mist 雾 　　cloud 云　　haze 霾　　downpour暴雨  shower 阵雨

storm, tempest暴风雨　　lightning 闪电　　land wind 陆风　　hurricane 飓风

cyclone 旋风　　　whirlwind 龙卷风　　gale 季节风　　gust of wind　阵风

breeze 微风　　fog 浓雾　　dew 露水　　humidity 潮湿　　freeze 冰冻

snowflake　雪花　　snowfall　降雪　　waterspout 水龙卷　　dead calm 风平浪静

Indian summer 小阳春　　drought 　　干旱